Gutangira no gukora udaharanira inyungu birashobora kuba byuzuye bidasanzwe, cyane cyane iyo nyirubwite akuye imbaraga mubitekerezo binini hamwe nishyaka ryo gukora itandukaniro. Ariko, mugihe iyerekwa rishobora gutera imbaraga, gukuramo inyungu idaharanira inyungu bisaba igihe n'imbaraga.
Kugirango ube nyirubwite, ugomba gukusanya impapuro ninyandiko kugirango werekane ko umuryango ukorera rubanda kandi wujuje ibyangombwa bisonewe imisoro. Umaze gukuraho izo nzitizi, urashobora kwibira mubikorwa nyabyo - gukusanya inkunga, kubaka itsinda, no kugira ingaruka nziza. Komeza usome kugirango wige uburyo bwo gutangiza intsinzi idaharanira inyungu mu ntambwe icyenda zingirakamaro.
Imiryango idaharanira inyungu ni iki, kandi ni izihe nyungu zabo?
Umuryango udaharanira inyungu ni ubucuruzi bwashizweho kugirango bukore intego irenze gushaka amafaranga. Ku mugaragaro, ni umuryango Ikigo cy'imisoro n'amahoro cyemera ko gisonewe imisoro kuko gishyigikira imibereho ifasha rubanda. Tekereza ku bintu nko kubungabunga amateka, gukora ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, kurinda inyamaswa, cyangwa kuzamura ubukungu bwaho.
Amafaranga yose adaharanira inyungu azana yerekeza kubutumwa bwabo, ntabwo abantu cyangwa abanyamigabane. Abantu kandi bita imiryango idaharanira inyungu idaharanira inyungu cyangwa imiryango 501 (c) (3), bitewe nigice cyihariye cyamategeko agenga imisoro ibaha statut idafite imisoro.
Hano hari ibice bike byo gutangiza udaharanira inyungu:
Ishirahamwe rirashobora kuronka reta isonewe imisoro, bivuze ko ba nyirayo batazokwishura amakori ya reta kubyo binjiza.
Imiryango idaharanira inyungu irashobora kandi kwemererwa kugabanyirizwa imisoro y’ibanze na leta.
Abafite imiryango idaharanira inyungu barashobora kwakira impano zabantu nandi mashyirahamwe kugirango bafashe gutera inkunga ubutumwa bwabo.
Ba nyir'ubwite barashobora kandi gusaba inkunga ziva mu bigo bya leta n’imishinga, bishobora gutanga inkunga yinyongera kubikorwa.
Ku mpande zombi, imiryango idaharanira inyungu ntabwo ifite ibibazo byabo. Ba nyir'ubwite bagomba gukora gusa ku nyungu rusange, ntibagirire akamaro abanyamigabane cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo. Imiryango idaharanira inyungu igomba kandi gukora inama zisanzwe zubuyobozi, kongera inyungu mu ishyirahamwe, no kubika inyandiko zerekana imari kugira ngo zisone imisoro.
Intambwe 9 zifasha gutangira intsinzi idaharanira inyungu
Intambwe ya 1: Shiraho urufatiro rukomeye
Mbere yo gukemura impapuro no gushyikiriza inzego zishinzwe imisoro, ni ngombwa gusuzuma abaturage cyangwa itsinda ridaharanira inyungu rizakorera. Kumenya ibikenewe byihariye mubaturage no kubishyigikira hamwe namakuru ni inzira ihamye yo gutangira kubaka umusingi udaharanira inyungu.
Inshingano isobanutse neza, yateguwe neza itera imiryango idaharanira inyungu kandi itera abakozi, abakorerabushake, n'abaterankunga. Iyo bikozwe neza, bikomeza ishyirahamwe kandi bigafasha kuyobora ibyemezo byingenzi mumuhanda. Dore zimwe mu nama zo kwandika ubutumwa bukomeye:
● Komeza bisobanutse, byoroshye, kandi byoroshye kwibuka.
Sobanura icyo umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukora n'impamvu ishyigikira mu nteruro imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa.
● Wibuke, ubutumwa bwubutumwa bushobora guhinduka uko umuryango ukura.
Intambwe ya 2: Kubaka gahunda ihamye yubucuruzi
Gahunda irambuye yubucuruzi idaharanira inyungu izafasha ba nyirubwite kumva amafaranga umuryango wabo uteganya kuzana nicyo bashoboye - nko guha akazi abakozi aho kwishingikiriza kubakorerabushake cyangwa no gushaka perezida cyangwa umuyobozi mukuru. Irerekana kandi amafaranga bazakenera gushingira kumpano kugirango bashyigikire ibikorwa byabo byinjiza.
Gahunda ikomeye yubucuruzi izaba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
Incamake nyobozi: Incamake yihuse yinshingano zidaharanira inyungu, incamake yubushakashatsi bwisoko ryerekana abaturage bakeneye, nuburyo imiryango idaharanira inyungu iteganya kuzuza ibyo bikenewe.
Serivise n'ingaruka: Kwibira cyane muri gahunda, serivisi, cyangwa ibicuruzwa umuryango uzatanga no gusobanura neza intego zacyo zo guhindura impinduka nziza.
Gahunda yo kwamamaza: Ingamba zo gukwirakwiza inkuru zidaharanira inyungu na serivisi zayo.
Gahunda y'ibikorwa: Isenyuka ryibikorwa bya buri munsi, harimo imiterere yubuyobozi nicyo buri ruhare ruzageraho.
Gahunda yimari: Iyi gahunda irasuzuma ubuzima bwubukungu bwa nyirubwite, harimo amafaranga yinjira, ingengo yimari, amafaranga yinjira, amafaranga yakoreshejwe, inzira yinjira, ibikenerwa byo gutangira, nibiciro bikomeza.
Mbere yo gukomeza, reba niba andi mashyirahamwe akemura ibibazo bimwe. Imiryango idaharanira inyungu izahatanira abaterankunga bamwe nimpano niba irindi tsinda rikora imirimo isa. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, ba nyir'ubwite barashobora gukoresha Inama y’igihugu y’imiryango idaharanira inyungu kugira ngo babone ibindi bidaharanira inyungu kandi barebe ko ubutumwa bugaragara.
Intambwe ya 3: Hitamo izina rikwiye
Igikurikiraho ba nyirubwite bagomba gukora ni uguhitamo izina ryihariye kubudaharanira inyungu, nibyiza ikintu cyerekana ubutumwa nicyo umuryango ukora. Niba ukomeje gushakisha izina ryiza, barashobora gukoresha amazina yubucuruzi (nka moderi ya Shopify) kugirango batere ibitekerezo kandi babone imitobe yo guhanga itemba.
Intambwe ya 4: Hitamo imiterere yubucuruzi
Ikigo cy'imisoro n'amahoro cyemera ubwoko butatu bw'imiryango idaharanira inyungu, bukubiyemo ibintu byose uhereye ku miryango nterankunga rusange kugeza ku bucukuzi bw'amakara hamwe n'amafaranga y'izabukuru y'abarimu. Hano hari ubwoko bune busanzwe budaharanira inyungu:
1. 501 (c) (3): Amashyirahamwe y'abagiraneza
Iki cyiciro gikubiyemo amashyirahamwe atandukanye y’amadini, uburezi, abagiraneza, siyanse, n’ubuvanganzo. Harimo kandi imiryango nterankunga rusange, imishinga yigenga, ndetse n’amashyirahamwe yimikino yigenga ategura amarushanwa yigihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga.
501 (c) (3) irashobora kandi gushiramo umuterankunga wimari, ifasha gucunga no gutera inkunga imishinga yubuntu. Iyi miryango y'abagiraneza igomba gukorera abaturage muburyo bumwe, kandi impano babahaye ntizisoreshwa ku baterankunga.
2. 501 (c) (5): Amashyirahamwe y'abakozi, ubuhinzi, n'imboga
Amashyirahamwe y'abakozi, nk'amashyirahamwe n'amatsinda y'ubuhinzi, mubisanzwe biri muriki cyiciro. Bibanda ku guhagararira inyungu z'abakozi no guhuriza hamwe hamwe. Ariko, imisanzu muri ayo mashyirahamwe ntabwo ikurwaho imisoro.
3. 501 (c) (7): Amahuriro yimyidagaduro
Iki cyiciro gikubiyemo clubs zo kwidagadura no kwidagadura zashyizweho kugirango abanyamuryango bishimishe kandi bishimishe. Ingero zirimo clubs zo mugihugu, amatsinda yishimisha, clubs za siporo, nubuvandimwe. Byongeye kandi, imisanzu muri aya makipe ntabwo ikurwaho umusoro.
4. 501 (c) (9): Amashyirahamwe agenerwa abakozi
Iyi miryango idaharanira inyungu itanga inyungu nkubwishingizi bwubuzima na pansiyo. Tekereza amashyirahamwe acunga ubwishingizi bwabakozi na gahunda zinyungu. Batanga ubuzima, uburwayi, hamwe nimpanuka kubanyamuryango babo, mubisanzwe abakozi ba societe cyangwa itsinda runaka.
Intambwe ya 5: Shiraho umuryango udaharanira inyungu kumugaragaro
Ba nyir'ubwite bamaze gufata ibyemezo bikomeye bagategura ibyangombwa bikenewe, igihe kirageze cyo kwinjiza imisoro idaharanira inyungu. Mugihe buri leta ifite inzira zayo, muri rusange, ba nyirayo bazakenera:
● Fata ingingo zo kwishyiriraho zirimo izina ryumuryango.
Tanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubagize inama y'ubutegetsi.
. Hitamo imiterere yemewe (societe idaharanira inyungu, LLC, ubufatanye, nibindi).
● Tanga impapuro zishyirwaho umunyamabanga wa leta.
● Uzuza kwiyandikisha kugirango usabe abagiraneza muri leta yabo kandi wishyure amafaranga yose.
Gusaba gusonerwa imisoro hamwe na IRS.
Amashyirahamwe menshi akoresha Ifishi ya IRS 1023 (ifishi ndende) kugirango asabe statut yasonewe. Niba umuryango udaharanira inyungu uteganya gukora amadorari atarenga 50.000 US $ buri mwaka, ba nyirubwite barashobora kuzuza urupapuro rworoshye 1023-EZ. Niba Ikigo cy'imisoro n'amahoro cyemeye gusaba, ba nyir'ubwite bazahabwa ibaruwa igena icyemezo cyo kwerekana imisoro yemewe.
Intambwe ya 6: Shaka EIN hanyuma ufungure konti ya banki
Kugirango ubone nomero iranga umukoresha (EIN), uzuza Ifishi ya IRS SS-4. Ba nyir'ubwite barashobora kubona iyi fomu kumurongo, kuri posita, cyangwa kuri fax. Nyuma yibyo, barashobora kubyohereza muri IRS.
Ibikurikira, abafite inyungu barashobora gufungura konti ya banki. Bazakenera EIN yabo, izina ryumuryango, aderesi, namakuru yamakuru. Hano hari amabanki yo hejuru adaharanira inyungu, nkuko NerdWallet ibivuga:
● Inguzanyo
● Bluevine
Bank Banki y'Abanyamerika
● Live Oak Bank
Intambwe 7: Hitamo inama yubuyobozi
Ingano n'imiterere y'inama y'ubutegetsi bizaterwa n'amategeko ya leta n'amabwiriza agenga umuryango. Mubisanzwe, inama zifite abanyamuryango bari hagati ya batatu na 31, benshi barigenga, bivuze ko badafite uruhare runini mumuryango.
Abagize inama y'ubutegetsi bafite uruhare runini: guha akazi no kugenzura umuyobozi mukuru, kwemeza ingengo y’imari, no kwemeza ko umuryango ukomeza inshingano zawo. Iyo ba nyirubwite bafite abashobora kuba bake mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi, bagomba kubatora mu nama, cyane cyane iyo umuryango ufite abanyamuryango.
Inama y'ubutegetsi imaze gushyirwaho, ba nyir'ubwite bashobora gutora abayobozi, barimo perezida, visi perezida, umunyamabanga, n'umubitsi. Inshingano zisanzwe zimara umwaka, kandi abayobozi bashinzwe kuyobora inama zubuyobozi no kwemeza ko ibyemezo bishyirwa mubikorwa.
Intambwe ya 8: Tegura amategeko ngengamikorere n'amakimbirane ya politiki y'inyungu
Amategeko adaharanira inyungu ashyiraho amategeko agenga uko umuryango ukora, uko uzafata ibyemezo, guhitamo abayobozi, no gukora inama z'ubuyobozi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amakimbirane ya politiki y’inyungu atuma abayobozi, abagize inama y'ubutegetsi, n'abakozi badakoresha umuryango udaharanira inyungu ku nyungu zabo bwite. Inama y'ubutegetsi ishinzwe kwemeza izo politiki no kugenzura ko zigezweho.
Intambwe 9: Tangiza ubukangurambaga bwo gukusanya inkunga
Mubyiciro byambere, udaharanira inyungu uzakenera gahunda ihamye yo gukusanya amafaranga n'aho azava. Niba ba nyirubwite badafite inkunga ikomeye kuva bagitangira, bizagora ishyirahamwe ryabo kumara igihe kinini bihagije. Bumwe muburyo bushoboka bwo kubona inkunga harimo inkunga hamwe nihuta ryihuta.
Kuzunguruka
Iyo ba nyir'imiryango idaharanira inyungu bamaze kwemezwa ibyangombwa byabo byemewe n'amategeko kandi inkomoko y'inkunga ikaboneka, barashobora gukomeza kubitangiza kumugaragaro. Ariko ntabwo arangije urugendo. Abadaharanira inyungu bagomba no gushyira ahagaragara ibyo batangije kubantu bose bashobora kubashyigikira.
Nubwo gushiraho inyungu idaharanira inyungu bizatwara igihe, gahunda nziza yo kwamamaza irashobora gufasha gutunganya inzira. Kurugero, byihuse imiryango idaharanira inyungu irashobora kugera kubaterankunga babo, niko amahirwe yabo yo gutsinda arenze gutangira kwambere. Imiryango idaharanira inyungu irashobora kuba akazi kenshi, ariko rwose birakwiriye ko abantu bizeye kugira icyo bakora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-11-2024
